Julien Guyon wrote in the French newspaper L’Equipe a brief, accessible overview of the fundamental concepts of bias, variance, and randomness, using the 2026 World Cup football draw as an example: Which team was the luckiest/unluckiest during the draw? And also in English in the quantitative finance magazine Risk. This is joint work with Thomas Buchholtzer, a student in the IMI department at École des Ponts, who is set to begin a PhD this fall.
